Comparative Analyses of 18 Complete Chloroplast Genomes from Eleven Mangifera Species (Anacardiaceae): Sequence Characteristics and Phylogenomics

Mangifera plants are tropical fruits that have high economic value and scientific utility. However, the chloroplast genome characteristics phylogenetic relationships among species remain unclear. In this work, we reconstructed maximum likelihood (ML) Bayesian inference (BI) trees using 11 newly sequenced genomes as well six existing obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The all had a typical quadripartite structure, with lengths ranging 157,368 to 158,942 bp. GC-content in ranged 37.8% 37.9%. We found conserved boundaries comprised of two inverted repeats (IRs), large single-copy (LSC) regions, small (SSC) regions. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed three hypervariable regions (ycf4-cemA, rps18-rpl20, rpl32-ndhF) LSC SSC which could potentially be used DNA barcodes species. According our analysis, were clustered into clades. Among them, five samples M. indica formed monophyletic group Clade Ⅰ. Ⅱ included seven further divided subclades 100% branch support values. Ⅲ persiciforma group. Taken together, these results provide theoretical basis determination, addition shedding light on evolution Mangifera.